??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????e ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ? ????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ?????.

?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????, ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????, ???????? ?? ?????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????, ?????? ????, ?????????, ???? ???, ??????? ????, ??????? ????, ????????, ????, ????? ????? ? ???????. ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? (1424 m), ???????? ??? (1426 m), ?????? ????? (1438 m), ?????? (1453 m), ???? (1478 m) ? ???????? (1544 m) ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????.

???????? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ?? ? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ????? ? ?????. ? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????, ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?????????.

?????? ?????? ?? ?????????, ??????, ????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????, ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????  ???????????? ? ?????????? ??????.